Seed Boot For Double-Shoot Disc Opener

ABSTRACT

A planting unit for depositing fertilizer and seed in a single pass, double shoot manner includes a rotating disc that cuts a furrow in a planting surface and a trailing seed boot, having a cutting edge, that cuts a vertically and horizontally offset trench in the furrow to form a seed bed in the planting surface. The disc has a mounting frame for mounting the disc to a linkage assembly that is, in turn, coupled to a toolbar mount. The seed boot is also attached to the mounting frame. This common attachment provides a relatively short and compact device without sacrificing fertilizer and seed stratification.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to agricultural implements and,more particularly, to a seed boot for use with a disc opener thatcollectively provide a double-shoot, single pass deposition offertilizer and seed onto a planting surface.

Fertilizer and seed are generally deposited onto a planting surface ineither a single shoot or double shoot manner. With a single shootplanting technique, a mixture of seed and fertilizer is deposited into asingle furrow and subsequently packed. With a double shoot plantingtechnique, seed and fertilizer are deposited into separate furrows,which may or may not be closely spaced, and then packed.

A single shoot planting device typically has a single delivery hosethrough which the mixture of granular fertilizer and seed is deliveredto the furrow. More particularly, a single shoot planting device willtypically include a cutting tip that is dragged at a depth just belowthe planting surface. The delivery hose extends along a backside of thecutting tip, or knife, so that the fertilizer and seed mixture isdeposited into the furrow immediately after the cutting tip cuts intothe planting surface. Ideally, the mixture is deposited in to the furrowbefore the furrow collapses. The furrow is typically packed by atrailing packing or press wheel.

Another configuration of a single shoot planting device replaces theknife with a disc or coulter that rotates at an angle relative to a lineof travel to form a furrow or trench in the planting surface. Because ofthe angling of the disc, the leading face of the disc pushes soil to oneside and creates the furrow while the opposite, trailing face of thedisc runs in the “shadow” of the leading face. The seed/fertilizermixture is dropped to the bottom of the furrow while the furrow is heldopen by the disc and a cooperating plate (or scraper or seed boot) onthe other side. The penetration depth of the disc controls the seeddepth. A trailing packer wheel closes the furrow after the mixture isdeposited and firms the planting surface (soil).

While single shoot planting units are less complex, it is generallypreferred to use a double shoot planting unit which allows seed andfertilizer to be separately deposited into the furrow. When thefertilizer and seed are mixed, reduced concentrations of fertilizer mustbe used to prevent the seed from becoming damaged, i.e., “burnt”. In oneexemplary double shoot planting unit, a knife has a side tip (sidebander) that trails the leading knife as the planting unit is towedalong the planting surface. The knife creates a furrow or fertilizertrench and the side bander forms a ledge in the sidewall of the furrowto effectively form a seed trench or seed bed. The fertilizer and seedtrenches are separated from one another both horizontally andvertically. This separation provides a fertilizer/seed stratificationthat has been found to provide better growing conditions, i.e., higherconcentrations of fertilizer may be used without seed “burning”.

In yet another type of double shoot planting unit a pair of rotatingdiscs are used to form separate fertilizer and seed trenches havinghorizontal and vertical stratification. The leading disc cuts throughthe planting surface at an angle to cut a furrow or fertilizer trench. Atrailing disc cuts through the side of the furrow formed by the leadingdisc to cut a seed trench that is generally horizontally and verticaloffset from the fertilizer trench. U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,454 describes adual disc, double shoot planting unit.

Dual disc units, such as that described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,752,454, arerelatively complex structures with multiple rotating parts such as thediscs themselves and associated bearings. This complexity also adds tothe overall cost of the planting unit and the implement. Dual discunits, such as those described in the aforementioned patent, have alsobeen found to perform unsatisfactorily in soft soil conditions. Moreparticularly, the discs are generally angled to essentially “dig” intothe soil surface to cut a furrow. Since the discs dig into the surface,less down pressure is needed. In harder soil conditions, the disc willeffectively dig into the soil as the soil itself provides bias againstwhich the disc can leverage. However, in soft soil conditions, the discwill essentially “plow” through the soil rather than cut an open furrow.Furthermore, to accommodate the space needed for two rotationalelements, the distance between the leading and trailing discs isrelatively substantial and can led to disturbance of the furrow beforethe seed is planted. That is, depending upon soil conditions, the furrowmay collapse upon itself before the trailing disc cuts a seed bed intothe furrow formed by the leading disc. The spacing between the discsalso adds to the overall size, weight, and cost of the carrying frame.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a planting unit for depositingfertilizer and seed in a single pass, double shoot manner in which arotating disc cuts a furrow in a planting surface and a trailing seedboot, having a cutting edge, cuts a vertically and offset trench in thefurrow to form a seed bed in the planting surface. The disc has amounting frame for mounting the disc to a linkage assembly that is, inturn, coupled to a toolbar mount. The seed boot is also attached to themounting frame. This common attachment provides a relatively short andcompact device without sacrificing fertilizer and seed stratification.

In operation, the rotating disc, which sits at an angle relative to aline of travel, is pulled through the planting surface along theplanting surface to cut a furrow into the planting surface. The furroweffectively defines a fertilizer trench into which fertilizer may bedeposited from a fertilizer source through a fertilizer tube. The seedboot has a cutting edge that when pulled through the planting surfacecuts a seeding trench in the furrow that is offset both vertically andhorizontally from the fertilizer trench. Rearward of the cutting edge isa seed tube through which seed is passed and deposited into the seedtrench. In one embodiment, a tab extends from a rearward edge of theseed tube that is designed to reduce the fall of seed into thefertilizer trench. In addition, the tab is also operative to reduce theingress of soil or residue into the seed tube.

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a planting unitthat furrows a planting surface into separate fertilizer and seedtrenches with minimal soil disturbance.

It is another object of the invention to provide fertilizer and seedstratification with a rotating disc and a seed boot having a cuttingedge, wherein the seed boot and the rotating disc are coupled to ashared mount.

Therefore, in accordance with one aspect of the invention, a plantingunit for use with a planting implement having a frame and configured totravel along a line of travel is disclosed. The planting unit has a discmount configured to be coupled to the frame and a rotatable disc coupledto the disc mount and angled relative to the line of travel of theplanting implement. The disc is configured to cut a furrow into aplanting surface. A fertilizer tube is mounted to the disc mount andconfigured to deposit fertilizer into a fertilizer trench formed in thefurrow. The planting unit further includes a seed boot coupled to thedisc mount rearward of the fertilizer tube and the disc. The seed bootincludes a hollow tubular member through which seed may be passed anddeposited onto the planting surface, and a cutting edge configured tocut a ledge into the furrow onto which seed may be deposited.

In accordance with another aspect of the invention, a double-shoot,single pass implement for separately depositing fertilizer and seed withhorizontal and vertical stratification onto a planting surface includesa toolbar configured to be coupled to a towing vehicle which is designedto pull the frame along the planting surface with a generallylongitudinal line of travel. A plurality of disc openers are providedwith each opener connected to the toolbar by a respective linkageassembly. Each disc opener includes a disc mount coupled to acorresponding linkage assembly and a rotatable disc mounted to the discmount and configured to cut at an angle into the planting surface toform a fertilizer trench. A fertilizer tube is provided and is mountedto the disc mount generally adjacent the rotatable disc. Each openeralso has a seed boot mounted to the disc mount and configured to cut aseed trench offset from the fertilizer trench. The seed boot includes aseed tube having a forward cutting edge and an outlet rearward of thefertilizer tube, and a tab connected to the seed tube generally oppositethe forward cutting edge and extending rearward of the seed tube outlet.

According to yet another aspect of the invention, a furrowing andplanting apparatus for use with an agricultural implement has a rotatingdisc configured to furrow a planting surface to define a fertilizertrench and a fertilizer source adapted to deposit fertilizer onto thefertilizer trench. The apparatus also has a seed boot disposed rearwardof the rotating disc that includes a tubular member having a forwardcutting edge that cuts a seed trench in the furrow. A deflector ismounted to a rearward edge of the seed boot and is operative to reducethe ingress of soil into the tubular member of the seed boot,particularly during roll back of the agricultural implement.

Other objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the invention willbecome apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription and accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however,that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicatingpreferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way ofillustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications maybe made within the scope of the present invention without departing fromthe spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings in which like reference numerals represent likeparts throughout.

In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a side elevation view of a planting unit according to oneembodiment of the invention that includes a tool bar mount for couplingthe planting unit to a toolbar of an agricultural implement;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the disc of the plating unit shown in FIG.1 shown relative to a furrow formed along a line of travel;

FIG. 3 is a bottom view of the planting unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a rear elevation view of the planting unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a rear elevation view of the planting unit shown in FIG. 1with a seed boot and packing system removed;

FIG. 6 is a partial exploded view of the planting unit shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is an isometric view of the seed boot of the planting unit shownin FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is an end view of the seed boot shown in FIG. 7; and

FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the depth adjustment assembly of theplanting unit shown in FIG. 1.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is generally directed to a planting unit for uswith an agricultural implement. While only one planting unit will bedescribed, it is understood that the agricultural implement may includea plurality of such planting units

FIG. 1 shows a planting unit 10 according to one embodiment of theinvention. The planting unit 10 generally includes a forward disc 12that is angled relative to a line of travel. As known in the art, theforward disc 12 rotates about a center hub 14 to cut a furrow into theplanting surface, S. A seed boot 16 is mounted rearward of the disc 12,and as will be described, is designed to cut a seed trench into thefurrow formed by the disc 12. The disc 12 is coupled to a parallellinkage 18 by a disc mount 20 and a mount arm 22 extending upwardly fromthe disc mount 20. A trailing arm 24 is also coupled to the parallellinkage 18 and a press or packing wheel 26 is coupled to the trailingarm 24. The press wheel 26 trails the disc 12 and the seed boot 16, andas known in the art, applies a packing pressure to the furrow. Thedownward force is applied by spring 28, but it is understood that otherbiasing devices may be used. In addition, the amount of downward forcecan be varied via lever 30 which has a selector member 32 that can beselectively positioned in one of a series of notches 34 of curved member36.

The parallel linkage 18 is also coupled to a toolbar mount 38 that isoperative to couple the planting unit to a toolbar 40 of an agriculturalimplement. A hydraulic cylinder 42 is pivotably coupled to the toolbarmount 38 and the mount arm 22 by a bracket 44. The cylinder 42 isoperative to apply a downward pressure on the disc 12 to force the disc12 into contact with the planting surface. With additional reference toFIG. 9, the depth at which the disc 12 cuts into the planting surface isvariably set by a gauge wheel 46 and a cooperating gauge wheel arm 48and a control lever 50. The control lever 50 controls the gauge wheelarm 48 by a crankshaft 52 that extends through the center of the disc12. The gauge wheel arm 48 is held in place by teeth 54 that interfacewith a mating fan shaped member 56, which includes a series of notches58 that individually define a different depth the disc 12 can be set viapositioning of the control lever 50. Various fasteners 57, e.g., nuts,bushing 59, washers 61 and seal 63 are used to secure the crankshaft 52to the disc 12 via a hub 65 that is coupled to the disc 12 by fasteners67.

In addition to setting the depth at which the disc 12 cuts into theplanting surface, the depth gauge wheel 46 keeps the outer surface ofthe disc 12 generally clear of mud and debris. A scraper blade 60 ismounted opposite the depth gauge wheel 46 is designed to remove dirt,mud, and other debris from the inner surface of the disc 12.

The planting unit 10 is designed to separately drop fertilizer and seedinto the furrow in a single pass. In this regard, a fertilizer tube 62is mounted rearward of the center hub of the disc 12 but forward of theseed boot 16. The seed boot 16 generally includes a seed tube 64 and acutting member 66 that is forward of the seed tube 64. In operation, asthe disc 12 forms a furrow having a relatively deep fertilizer trench inthe planting surface, fertilizer is dropped into the fertilizer trenchfrom a fertilizer source (not shown) that communicates with theaforementioned fertilizer tube 62. The cutting member 66 is offset fromthe disc 12 and cuts into a sidewall of the furrow to form a ledge orseed bed. Seed is then dropped via the seed tube 64 onto the ledge. Theseed is fed to the seed tube 64 from a seed source in a known manner.

The cutting member 66 cuts into the sidewall of the furrow such that theledge is offset horizontally and vertically from the fertilizer trench,i.e., bottom of the furrow. In this regard, the seed is deposited at aposition that is spaced horizontally and vertically from the fertilizerthat is dropped into the fertilizer trench. As noted above, it isgenerally preferred to plant seed and drop fertilizer into a furrow withstratification between the fertilizer and the seed.

In one preferred embodiment, the cutting member 66 is angled to lift thesoil as the cutting member 66 is urged through the sidewall of thefurrow. Thus, as the disc 12 and the cutting member 66 cut through theplanting surface, the soil is temporarily displaced and lifted to formtrenches for the deposition of fertilizer and seed. However, when disc12 and the cutting member 66 pass, the soil will tend to fall back ontoitself and effectively fill-in the furrow and thus the fertilizer andseed trenches. The press wheel 26, which trails the seed boot 16, thenpacks the fertilizer and the seed. Alternately, the cutting member 66may be angled downward to force the soil down onto the fertilizer beforethe seed is deposited onto the seed bed.

In one preferred embodiment, a defector tab 68 extends from the backsideof the seed tube 64. The deflector tab 68 generally provides twoseparate functions. First, the deflector tab 68 is angled, as shown inFIGS. 6 and 7, as is the lower ends of the seed tube 64 and the cuttingmember 66. With this angled orientation, the deflector tab 68 isoperative to encourage seed toward the seed trench. Second, because ofits proximity to the seed tube 64, the deflector tab 68 reduces theingress of soil and debris into the seed tube 64 during roll back of theplanting unit 10.

Referring now to FIG. 2, the disc 12 is angled relative to the furrow Fthat is formed by the disc 12 as it is rotated. The furrow F is formedgenerally in-line with the line of travel for the agriculturalimplement. The disc 12 is angled such that the angle formed between theleading edge 12 a of the disc 12 and the line of travel, which generallybisects the furrow F, is approximately 7 degrees. While other angles arecontemplated, it is generally preferred that the angle fall between 5and 10 degrees, and more preferably between 6 and 8 degrees. It will beappreciated that while the disc is angled relative to the line oftravel, the disc is normal to the plane of the planting surface.

Turning now to FIGS. 3-5, the fertilizer tube 62 is arranged such thatthe fertilizer falls generally centered in the furrow. The seed tube 64has an outlet 70 that is angled generally rearward and laterally offsetfrom the outlet (not numbered) of the fertilizer tube. As noted above,the seed trench is formed laterally offset from the fertilizer trench.This offset is formed because the seed boot 16 is generally angled awayfrom disc 12, as particularly shown in FIG. 4, such that the cuttingmember 66 forms a side bander. The angle, θ, defined between the leadingedge 66 a of the cutting member 66 and an axis transverse to the line oftravel is preferably approximately 45 degrees. The angle, γ, definedbetween the outlet 70 of the seed tube 64 and the plane of the plantingsurface is preferably approximately 30 degrees. As particularly shown inFIG. 4, the depth of the seed tube outlet 70 is less than the lower mostedge of the disc 12 and the seed tube outlet 70 is laterally offset fromthe disc 12 clearly illustrating the vertical and horizontal spacing ofthe fertilizer and seed trenches.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the seed boot 16 includes a header 72 thatmay be coupled to the disc mount 20 via fasteners 74. Since the header72 is mounted to the same mount 20 as the disc 12, the combined assemblyis relatively compact when compared to conventional double shoot, singlepass planting units.

As shown in FIG. 8, the seed boot 16 is constructed such that seed tubeoutlet 70 sits behind the cutting member 66. With this construction, thecutting member 66 cuts a ledge into the sidewall of the furrow and seedis placed onto the ledge as the seed drops through the seed tube outlet70. The cutting member 66 generally includes an angled cutting face 76that in one embodiment includes a wear resistant insert 78, such as acarbide insert. In one preferred embodiment, the seed tube 64 and thecutting member 66, and its header 72 are formed as a single assembly.

The present invention provides a planting unit of relatively compactdesign in which a seed boot and a rotatable disc are mounted to the samedisc mount. The seed boot has an angled cutting tip that cuts a ledgeinto the sidewall of a furrow formed by the rotatable disc. A seed tuberearward of the cutting tip deposits seed onto the ledge. A trailingpress wheel then packs the fertilizer and seed. The ledge is cutvertically and horizontally spaced from the bottom of the furrow(fertilizer trench). In this regard, seed and fertilizer are depositedwith vertical and horizontal stratification allowing higherconcentrations of fertilizer to be used. In addition to providing acompact design, the present invention avoids the complexities associatedwith double shoot planting units that have multiple discs to cutfertilizer and seed trenches. In addition, the present inventionprovides less soil disturbance compared to conventional double shoot,single pass planting units, especially when furrowing at faster speeds,e.g., greater than 5 m.p.h.

Many changes and modifications could be made to the invention withoutdeparting from the spirit thereof. The scope of these changes willbecome apparent from the appended claims.

1. A planting unit for use with a planting implement having a frame andconfigured to travel along a line of travel, comprising: a disc mountconfigured to be coupled to the frame; a rotatable disc coupled to thedisc mount and angled relative to the line of travel of the plantingimplement, the disc configured to cut a furrow into a planting surface;a fertilizer tube mounted to the disc mount and configured to depositfertilizer into a fertilizer trench formed in the furrow; and a seedboot coupled to the disc mount rearward of the fertilizer tube and thedisc, the seed boot including a hollow tubular member through which seedmay be passed and deposited onto the planting surface, and a stationarycutting edge configured to cut a ledge into the furrow onto which seedmay be deposited.
 2. The planting unit of claim 1 wherein the cuttingedge is angled upward relative to the hollow tubular member andconfigured to lift soil as the cutting edge cuts through the furrow. 3.The planting unit of claim 1 wherein the cutting edge is angle downwardrelative to the hollow tubular member and configured to force soil ontofertilizer deposited in the furrow as the cutting edge cuts through thefurrow.
 4. The planting unit of claim 1 wherein the hollow tubularmember deposits seed a depth different than that which fertilizer isdeposited by the fertilizer tube.
 5. The planting unit of claim 4wherein the hollow tubular member deposits seed at a position laterallyoffset from that which fertilizer is deposited by the fertilizer tube.6. The planting unit of claim 5 wherein the seed boot further includes atrailing tab configured to prevent seed from falling out of the hollowtubular member and into the fertilizer trench of the furrow.
 7. Theplanting unit of claim 6 wherein the trailing tab is angled to forceseed deposited by the hollow tubular member toward a tip of a seedtrench defined by the ledge cut into the furrow by the cutting tip. 8.The planting unit of claim 1 wherein the furrow has a first furrow walland a second furrow wall spaced from and generally parallel with thefirst furrow wall, and further comprising a scraper blade configured toabut against the first furrow wall and wherein the disc opener isconfigured to abut against the second furrow wall such that thefertilizer trench is defined therebetween.
 9. The planting unit of claim1 wherein the disc is angled at an angle of approximately 7 degrees to avertical axis normal to the line of travel.
 10. A double-shoot, singlepass implement for separately depositing fertilizer and seed withhorizontal and vertical stratification onto a planting surface,comprising: a toolbar configured to be coupled to a towing vehicle whichis designed to pull the frame along the planting surface with agenerally longitudinal line of travel; a plurality of disc openers, eachof which is connected to the toolbar by a respective linkage assembly;and wherein each disc opener includes: a disc mount coupled to acorresponding linkage assembly; a rotatable disc mounted to the discmount and configured to cut at an angle into the planting surface toform a fertilizer trench; a fertilizer tube having an outlet and mountedto the disc mount and generally adjacent the rotatable disc; a seed bootmounted to the disc mount and configured to cut a seed trench offsetfrom the fertilizer trench, the seed boot including: a seed tube havinga forward cutting edge and an outlet rearward of the fertilizer tube;and a tab connected to the seed tube generally opposite the forwardcutting edge and extending rearward of the seed tube outlet.
 11. Theimplement of claim 10 wherein the seed tube outlet is offset laterallyand vertically from the fertilizer tube outlet.
 12. The implement ofclaim 11 wherein the tab is configured to limit seed dispensed from theseed tube outlet from being deposited into the fertilizer trench. 13.The implement of claim 12 wherein the tab has an edge angled toencourage seed deposited by the seed tube outlet toward a tip of theseed trench.
 14. The implement of claim 12 further comprising a packingwheel and a packing wheel depth that trails the seed boot and configuredto apply a packing force to the seed and fertilizer trenches.
 15. Theimplement of claim 14 further comprising a packing pressure controlassociated with the packing wheel and operative to vary the packingforce applied by the packing wheel.
 16. The implement of claim 15wherein the packing pressure control includes a spring that places apacking pressure on the packing wheel and a lever to adjust the packingpressure placed on the packing wheel.
 17. The implement of claim 12wherein the forward cutting edge of the seed boot is angled upwardrelative to the seed tube and configured to lift soil as the cuttingedge cuts through the planting surface.
 18. The implement of claim 12wherein the forward cutting edge of the seed boot is angled downwardrelative to the seed tube and configured to force soil onto fertilizerdeposited in the fertilizer trench as the cutting edge cuts through theplanting surface.
 19. A furrowing and planting apparatus for use with anagricultural implement, comprising: a rotating disc configured to furrowa planting surface to define a fertilizer trench; a fertilizer sourceadapted to deposit fertilizer onto the fertilizer trench; a seed bootdisposed rearward of the rotating disc and include a tubular memberhaving a forward cutting edge that cuts a seed trench in the furrow andwherein the tubular member is configured to pass seed from a seed sourceto the seed trench; and a deflector mounted to a rearward edge of theseed boot and configured to reduce the ingress of soil into the tubularmember of the seed boot.
 20. The apparatus of claim 19 wherein thefertilizer source has an outlet and the seed boot has an outlet, andwherein the outlets are offset from one another such that fertilizer andseed are separately deposited into the fertilizer trench and the seedtrench, respectively, with horizontal and vertical stratification.